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Analyzing smart card using Proxmark3 ヽ(ﾟДﾟ)ﾉ (day 43)



Warning! the following post is only meant for education and research not meant for causing destruction. Be smart!

I should say big big big .... thank you to Carlos (classmate for master's class) for let me to borrow one of his tools (Proxmark3) to play with smart cards. We have a lot of fun doing our little research to know more about this type of technology and here is what we get so far

enjoy :)

tools: Proxmark3

is a powerful general purpose RFID tool, the size of a deck of cards, designed to snoop, listen and emulate everything from Low Frequency (125kHz) to High Frequency (13.56MHz) tags.


before you use this you need to install the software in your OS (follow this link:https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/wiki/Ubuntu-Linux)

after you complete the setup, you need to know which usb driver is linux load the Proxmark3, type:

~# dmesg


ok so we know is loaded in ttyACM0, we can just loaded software in the following way:


we can check the status of the hardware using:

~# hw status



Luckily again, Carlos bring a lot of ... i mean a lot card that we can analyze.


In this post we are just going to analyze each of this card and explain what we found. I also bring my "brizzi" it is come from Indonesia and it is an E-card used for paying transportation by just tapping it to the reader.


Most of the E-card right now mostly used HF (High Frequency)

In RFID we can categorize the card into three types:
  • Low frequency which is running on 30 KHz to 300 KHz, mostly used for object tracking in warehouse or farm but it can also be used in access control.

  • High frequency which is running on 3 MHz to 300 MHz, mostly used in payment and passport
 

  • Ultra High frequency which is running on 300 MHz to 3 GHz. Separate into passive UHF (used in  tool tracking , IT asset tracking, race timing, and laundry management. New applications for these tags are being discovered frequently due primarily to the tags’ long read range and low cost) and active UHF (used like oil and gas, transportation, and vehicle tracking)
we found all of the card that we analyze is used the HF type, I think it is more reliable and more persistence against interference.

This is what we got:


we found out that there are three types of HF we can find in that deck of card.

1st types: MIFARE classic V1

MIFARE is the NXP Semiconductors-owned trademark of a series of chips used in contactless smart cards and proximity cards.

using Proxmark3 we can identify which type of the card is used

~# hf search



we found this type of card when analyzing card for conference, hotel and cafeteria. Notice that MIFARE card was equipped with prng (pseudo random number generator) this is actually really good, to strength the encryption process but proxmark3 can detect the strength of the prng if the random generator is weak we are able to dump the content of the card and clone it.

please take a note, cloning MIFARE card is not as easy as cloning LF card since in order to get the data we need to the auth ID of the card

but good for us MIFARE classic V1 is already broken so anyone if they have a right tool can get the data (Basically we can brute force the UID)

2nd types: MIFARE 4k



we found this type of card when analyzing bank card (debit or credit) because it is used additional encryption. MIFARE DESFire provide three types of version and each of the card used different encryption scheme. Breaking this type of card will require a lot of time.



note: Brizzi is used this type of card ( Thanks God :) )

3rd type:

we found this type of card when analyzing a concert ticket in the form of magnetic stripe tickets or coins. We think this type of RFID used because it is small, compact and flexibel.

Cracking MIFARE Level 1:

As I mentioned in the previous part MIFARE level 1 card security is already breakable and using Proxmarks3 we can get the key of it


proxmarks able to get the UID because the it have a predefined dictionary that can be used to launch dictionary attack. But no worries you can also use your phone to dump this type of card. Link: https://apkpure.com/mifare-classic-tool-mct/de.syss.MifareClassicTool

references:

https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3/wiki
https://blog.kchung.co/rfid-hacking-with-the-proxmark-3/
https://www.atlasrfidstore.com/a-guide-to-rfid-types-and-how-they-are-used/
https://www.nxp.com/products/rfid-nfc/mifare-hf/mifare-desfire:MC_53450

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